Home / New York / Katonah Non-Transient Non-Community · PWSID NY5907702 Old Lewisboro Elementary School Serves 50 people Groundwater Owner: Local Government Katonah, New York Serves a school or daycare
1 open treatment violation.
Open for: Lead and Copper Rule. EPA counts treatment-technique violations as health-based: a required protective step was not done. It is not a measurement of contamination.
On record since 2003: 124 violations. 118 over the limit · 1 treatment lapse · 5 missed or late tests. Most recent began 2025-07-01.
For this year's test results, ask the utility for its annual Consumer Confidence Report . Every community system must publish one.
118 Over the limit
1 Treatment lapse1 open
5 Missed or late test
0 Notice or report
More violations on record than 98% of active water systems in New York. Small systems with no staff chemist often rack up missed-test violations; big utilities rarely do.
The record, year by year 2003 · Treatment lapse: 1 2005 2008 · Missed or late test: 1 2009 · Missed or late test: 1 2010 · Missed or late test: 1 2010 2014 · Missed or late test: 1 2015 2016 · Over the limit: 1 2017 · Missed or late test: 1 2020 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2021 · Over the limit: 24 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2022 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2023 · Over the limit: 23 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2024 · Over the limit: 26 2025 · Over the limit: 21 2025 · Over the limit: 21 2025 · Over the limit: 21 2025 · Over the limit: 21 2025 · Over the limit: 21 2025 · Over the limit: 21 2025 · Over the limit: 21 2025
One square ≈ 3 violations (rounded up), by the year they began. Empty columns are years with nothing on EPA's record. 95% over the limit · 118<1% treatment lapse · 14% missed or late test · 5
Across New York, 67% of violations are missed or late tests and 3% are water over a limit.
How far over the limit at the limit 2× 5× 10× 100×+ 2806 2805 Chloride 2025-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000017 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.7×) 2025-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000018 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.8×) 2025-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000062 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (6.2×) 2025-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000109 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (10.9×) 2025-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000025 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.5×) 2025-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000015 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.5×) 2025-07-01 · Chloride: measured 328.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.3×) 2025-04-01 · Chloride: measured 319.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.3×) 2025-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2025-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000018 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.8×) 2025-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000047 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (4.7×) 2025-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000110 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (11.0×) 2025-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000017 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.7×) 2025-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2025-01-01 · 2806: measured 13.60 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.4×) 2025-01-01 · 2805: measured 16.80 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.7×) 2025-01-01 · 2806: measured 41.15 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (4.1×) 2025-01-01 · 2805: measured 86.15 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (8.6×) 2025-01-01 · 2806: measured 13.85 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.4×) 2025-01-01 · 2805: measured 10.85 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.1×) 2025-01-01 · Chloride: measured 342.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.4×) 2024-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000014 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.4×) 2024-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000018 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.8×) 2024-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000040 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (4.0×) 2024-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000087 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (8.7×) 2024-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000017 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.7×) 2024-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2024-10-01 · Chloride: measured 344.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.4×) 2024-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000014 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.4×) 2024-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000019 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.9×) 2024-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000039 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (3.9×) 2024-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000072 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (7.2×) 2024-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000017 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.7×) 2024-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2024-07-01 · Chloride: measured 308.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.2×) 2024-04-01 · Chloride: measured 301.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.2×) 2024-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2024-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000017 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.7×) 2024-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000022 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.2×) 2024-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000073 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (7.3×) 2024-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2024-01-01 · Chloride: measured 256.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.0×) 2024-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000013 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.3×) 2024-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000017 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.7×) 2024-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000049 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (4.9×) 2024-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000096 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (9.6×) 2024-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000014 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.4×) 2023-10-01 · Chloride: measured 300.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.2×) 2023-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000019 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.9×) 2023-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000022 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.1×) 2023-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000046 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (4.6×) 2023-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000015 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.5×) 2023-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000091 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (9.1×) 2023-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000014 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.4×) 2023-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000016 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.6×) 2023-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000053 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (5.3×) 2023-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000131 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (13.0×) 2023-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000131 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (13.0×) 2023-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000011 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.1×) 2023-07-01 · Chloride: measured 327.00 MG/L vs limit 250.00 MG/L (1.3×) 2023-04-01 · 2806: measured 13.90 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.4×) 2023-04-01 · 2805: measured 20.40 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (2.0×) 2023-04-01 · 2806: measured 60.70 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (6.1×) 2023-04-01 · 2805: measured 136.00 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (13.6×) 2023-04-01 · 2806: measured 13.90 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.4×) 2023-01-01 · 2806: measured 18.20 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.8×) 2023-01-01 · 2805: measured 14.20 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.4×) 2023-01-01 · 2806: measured 64.50 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (6.5×) 2023-01-01 · 2805: measured 126.00 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (12.6×) 2023-01-01 · 2806: measured 15.30 NG/L vs limit 10.00 NG/L (1.5×) 2022-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000017 NG/L vs limit 0.000010 NG/L (1.7×) 2022-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000023 NG/L vs limit 0.000010 NG/L (2.3×) 2022-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000058 NG/L vs limit 0.000010 NG/L (5.8×) 2022-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000126 NG/L vs limit 0.000010 NG/L (12.6×) 2022-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000013 NG/L vs limit 0.000010 NG/L (1.3×) 2022-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000011 NG/L vs limit 0.000010 NG/L (1.1×) 2022-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000018 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.8×) 2022-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000029 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.9×) 2022-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000066 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (6.6×) 2022-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000151 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (15.1×) 2022-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000019 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.9×) 2022-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000015 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.5×) 2022-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2022-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000020 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.0×) 2022-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000047 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (4.7×) 2022-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000106 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (10.6×) 2022-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000012 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.2×) 2022-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000018 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.8×) 2022-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000027 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.7×) 2022-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000063 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (6.3×) 2022-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000131 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (13.0×) 2022-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000016 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.6×) 2022-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000010 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.0×) 2021-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000020 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.0×) 2021-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000028 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.8×) 2021-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000067 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (6.7×) 2021-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000133 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (13.3×) 2021-10-01 · 2806: measured 0.000015 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.5×) 2021-10-01 · 2805: measured 0.000011 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.1×) 2021-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000018 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.8×) 2021-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000028 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.8×) 2021-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000078 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (7.8×) 2021-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000151 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (15.1×) 2021-07-01 · 2806: measured 0.000017 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.7×) 2021-07-01 · 2805: measured 0.000014 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.4×) 2021-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000016 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.6×) 2021-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000023 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.3×) 2021-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000067 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (6.7×) 2021-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000132 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (13.2×) 2021-04-01 · 2806: measured 0.000015 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.5×) 2021-04-01 · 2805: measured 0.000011 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.1×) 2021-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000027 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (2.7×) 2021-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000018 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.8×) 2021-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000099 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (9.9×) 2021-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000055 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (5.5×) 2021-01-01 · 2806: measured 0.000013 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.3×) 2021-01-01 · 2805: measured 0.000011 MG/L vs limit 0.000010 MG/L (1.1×)
Each dot is one over-the-limit violation: the measured value divided by the limit it broke, on a log scale. Most legal limits for chemicals are running averages set for a lifetime of drinking, so “just over” and “ten times over” are very different news. Hover a dot for the numbers. What you can do Lead : Run cold water for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using it for drinking or cooking, especially after the water has been sitting for several hours. Use only cold water for cooking and baby formula. Consider a water filter certified to remove lead (look for NSF/ANSI Standard 53 certification). Have your water tested if you live in an older home.Lead & copper at the tap
Utilities sample taps in homes most likely to have lead pipes, and report the 90th-percentile result: 9 in 10 homes sampled came in at or below this number. Above the red line (the action level) the utility must act. The action level is not a safe level; EPA's health goal for lead is zero. EPA's file does not date these results, so they are shown highest first.
Lead, 90th percentile 8 results on file · action level 15 ppb 11.9 ppb
7 ppb
4 ppb
3.4 ppb
3 ppb
3 ppb
2.9 ppb
1 ppb
Open now (1) 2003-09-01 Lead and Copper Rule OCCT/SOWT Study/Recommendation Open Every violation on record 2025-07-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000017 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-07-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000018 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-07-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 328.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-04-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 319.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-04-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000012 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-04-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000018 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-01-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 13.60 NG/L · limit 10.00 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-01-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 16.80 NG/L · limit 10.00 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2025-01-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 342.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-10-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000014 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-10-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000018 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-10-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 344.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-07-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000014 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-07-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000019 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-07-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 308.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-04-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 301.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-04-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000012 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-04-01 2805 ×2 MCL, Average measured 0.000017 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-01-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 256.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-01-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000013 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2024-01-01 2805 ×2 MCL, Average measured 0.000017 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-10-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 300.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-10-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000019 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-10-01 2805 ×2 MCL, Average measured 0.000022 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-07-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000014 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file Show the other 29 entries 2023-07-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000016 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-07-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 327.00 MG/L · limit 250.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-04-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 13.90 NG/L · limit 10.00 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-04-01 2805 ×2 MCL, Average measured 20.40 NG/L · limit 10.00 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-01-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 18.20 NG/L · limit 10.00 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2023-01-01 2805 ×2 MCL, Average measured 14.20 NG/L · limit 10.00 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-10-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000017 NG/L · limit 0.000010 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-10-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000023 NG/L · limit 0.000010 NG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-07-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000018 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-07-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000029 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-04-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000012 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-04-01 2805 ×2 MCL, Average measured 0.000020 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-01-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000018 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2022-01-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000027 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-10-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000020 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-10-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000028 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-07-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000018 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-07-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000028 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-04-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000016 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-04-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000023 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-01-01 2806 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000027 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2021-01-01 2805 ×3 MCL, Average measured 0.000018 MG/L · limit 0.000010 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2017-10-01 Lead and Copper Rule Follow-up Or Routine LCR Tap M/R Back in compliance 2016-01-01 Chloride MCL, Average measured 361.00 MG/L Period ended · no return to compliance on file 2014-01-01 Lead and Copper Rule Follow-up Or Routine LCR Tap M/R Back in compliance 2010-01-01 Lead and Copper Rule Follow-up Or Routine LCR Tap M/R Back in compliance 2009-07-01 Lead and Copper Rule Follow-up Or Routine LCR Tap M/R Back in compliance 2008-07-01 Lead and Copper Rule Follow-up Or Routine LCR Tap M/R Back in compliance 2003-09-01 Lead and Copper Rule OCCT/SOWT Study/Recommendation Open System details Population served 50 Service connections 1 Water source Groundwater System type Non-Transient Non-Community Owner Local Government Status Active City Katonah EPA ZIP on file 10536
Reading this record
Old Lewisboro Elementary School is a non-transient non-community that draws from groundwater and serves about 50 people in Katonah, New York. Everything above comes from the EPA's
Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) , where states report every violation by every public water system.
Four kinds of violation. Only one is a measurement of the water: over the limit means a test came back above a legal maximum (an MCL).
A treatment lapse means a required protective step was not done, such as disinfection, filtration, fixing a defect an inspector found, or filing a lead-pipe inventory.
A missed or late test means a required test was skipped or never reported. That is the most common kind, and the most misread: it does not mean the water was bad, and it does not mean the water was fine.
Notices and reports covers public notices and the annual Consumer Confidence Report.
Status. “Back in compliance” means the state recorded a return to compliance. “Period ended” means the violation's compliance period is over but no return to compliance was ever filed, which is common in older records.
EPA's federal copy lags state records by months, so call the utility for anything current.